What are the Essential Layers in a PCB?

Essential PCB layers: substrate, copper, solder mask, silkscreen. Optimize stack-up with thickness choices (copper/dielectric), 4 vs 6-layer tradeoffs, and signal integrity fixes for reliable boards.
Why Do PCB Resistors Overheat?

Prevent PCB resistor overheating: accurately calculate power, ensure thermal design/footprint, choose 2x rated resistors & embedded for high-speed. Test early, avoid failures.